News Archive
Sleep duration can heighten risk for depression
A genetic study of adult twins and a community-based study of adolescents both report novel links between sleep duration and depression. The studies were published Feb. 1 issue in the journal Sleep, according to a news release from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
A University of Washington study of 1,788 adult twins is the first to demonstrate a gene by environment interaction between self-reported habitual sleep duration and depressive symptoms.
Nate-Watson
Results suggest that sleep durations outside the normal range increase the genetic risk for depressive symptoms. Among twins with a normal sleep duration of seven to 8.9 hours per night, the total heritability of depressive symptoms was 27 percent. However, the genetic influence on depressive symptoms increased to 53 percent among twins with a short sleep duration of five hours per night and 49 percent among those who reported sleeping 10 hours per night.
"We were surprised that the heritability of depressive symptoms in twins with very short sleep was nearly twice the heritability in twins sleeping normal amounts of time,” said principal investigator Dr. Nathaniel Watson, associate professor of neurology and co-director of the UW Medicine Sleep Center.
“Both short and excessively long sleep durations appear to activate genes related to depressive symptoms,” Watson added.
Optimizing sleep might help maximize the effectiveness of psychotherapy and other treatments for depression, he suggested.
Another study, of 4,175 individuals between 11 and 17, is the first to document reciprocal effects for major depression and short sleep duration among adolescents using prospective data. Results suggest sleeping six hours or less per night increases the risk for major depression, which in turn increases the risk for decreased sleep among adolescents.
“These results are important because they suggest that sleep deprivation may be a precursor for major depression in adolescents, occurring before other symptoms of major depression and additional mood disorders,” said principal investigator Dr. Robert E. Roberts, professor of behavioral sciences in the School of Public Health at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that about 9 percent of adults in the U.S. meet the criteria for current depression, including four percent with major depression. The National Institute of Mental Health reports that depressive disorders have affected approximately 11 percent of U.S. teens at some point during their lives, and 3 percent have experienced a seriously debilitating depressive disorder.